• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A strong lightweight composition containing metal-coated microspheres has very broadband absorption properties for electromagnetic radiation and is useful as a thin coating or as a structural composite material in various contexts. The microspheres have a diameter of from 1 to 350 microns and contain at least one radiation absorbing material selected from the group consisting of carbon, ferrites, magnetite, iron, nickel, and cobalt, and have a thin coating of metal on the microsphere surface. The metal coating is present in a weight percentage of 0.01 to 22%.
    公开号:SE8704626A1
    申请号:SE8704626
    申请日:1987-11-23
    公开日:2012-03-09
    发明作者:Wayne Laval Gindrup；Rebecca Reeves Vinson
    申请人:Spectro Dynamic Systems L P Nfs Services Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    2active properties, but these are very difficult to apply to complex structures, such as aircraft, and are loaded by a considerable thickness and considerable weight.
    The present invention provides a strong lightweight construction,containing metal-coated microfibers. The composition has very broad band absorption properties for electromagnetic straining and is effective when used as a thin coating or as a structural composite material. It can resistvery high temperatures (900 ° C) and is generally cloudyonly by the binder in this respect. It has the additional advantage of absorbing sound and is a good heat insulator and can be easily applied to a substrate by means of conventional spray equipment.
    Summary of the inventionAccording to the present invention, there is further provided an electromagnetic radiation absorbing composition comprisinghailer microspheres which have a diameter of from 1 to 3 / um,which microspheres contain at least one radiation-absorbing material, selected from the group consisting of carbon, ferrites, magnetite, jam, nickel and cobalt, and which have a thin coating of metal on the microsphere surface, the metal coating being present in a weightpercent of 0.01 to 22%.
    Preferably, the microspheres contain ceramic magnetic microspheres, obtained from the ash from coal-fired furnaces andthese microspheres possess permanent magnetic properties.
    The microspheres can be dispersed in and bound by means of an organic or inorganic binder and used to form composite materials or coating compositions.
    Additional features, benefits and usesThe present invention will be more readily understood by the detailed description which follows.3Detailed description of the inventionThe term "microspheres" is understood by those skilled in the art as suchregarding extremely small particles with low density in the form ofihaliga or porosa sfdrer, formed of plastic, glass orceramic materials. They are most commonly used as fillers in solids such as resins to form high density high solids composites.
    Certain grades of commercially available ceramic micro-sfdrer contains in the ceramic composition components such as carbon, ferrites, magnetite, iron, nickel and cobalt.
    These components give the microspheres magnetic properties.
    We have found that ceramic magnetic microspheres with sizesranging from about 1 to about 3 microns and containing the aforementioned components of the ceramic composition, when coated with an extremely thin coating of conductive material, will absorb electromagnetic energy over a wide range.band. This absorption is many times greater than what wouldcan be expected on the basis of the content of carbon, ferrite, metal pairs and metal oxides found in the ceramic wall of the microsphere. We have also found that the best results are obtained as the metal coating is very even and uniform in thickness and sothin that noticeable light transmission then enters the microspheresexamined microscopically.
    Examples of commercially available ceramic microspheres that have magnetic properties include Q-cell grades 100, 110,120 from PQ Corporation, Valley Forge, PA, and ExtendospheresXOL-200, CG, SG, SF-14 and others. from PA Industries, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA. These are strong light-weight microspheres, formed by a ceramic composition, composed mainly of aluminosilicates, magnesium silicates, sodium silicates or mixtures.of these materials. The microspheres have a hollow ceramic shelland is considerably stronger and more wear-resistant than durable microspheres based on silicon (glass). Ceramic microfibers, commercially known as "centosfiders", obtained from the ashes of industrial furnaces which burn powdered coal, are preferred because4these have the unsightly associations in sufficient quantities in the ceramic cradle and are very cheap. However, ceramic glass or plastic microspheres can be prepared with the unsightly compounds in the cradle using methods selected on microspheres.omr & det. S'adana microspheres can, as they are coated with a conductormetal in accordance with what has been described, is suitably used in accordance with the present invention.
    The carbon-produced microspheres contain, as they are obtainedcommercially, typically from about 1% to about 15% by weight of carbon,ferrites, magnetite, jam, nickel and cobalt. The amount of these compounds in the ceramic composition will vary with the quality of the coal burned in such a way that certain kinds of centospheres will have a higher content of theassociations and others.
    For many reasons, it may be unwise to refine or improve the magnetic properties of the commercially availablethe microspheres. The more magnetic particles can be separatedhelped by a magnet from the smaller magnetic particles. The per-The magnetic fields in the commercially available magnetic centospheres can also be improved by slowly heating these spheres to avoid them bursting to a temperature above the Curie point and by then allowing the particles to cool in astrong magnetic field and thereby form a strong permanent magnetnetic field orientation in the areas.
    The microspheres are coated with a thin coating of an electrically conductive metal. Even am habit conductive metal can be used, issilver, gold, platinum, palladium and their alloys todrag. The microspheres are coated with the metal using the procedures described in U.S. Patents 4,624,798 and 4,624,865. These methods provide a very smooth, glossy mirror-like layer which evenly and uniformly tackes the surface of the microspheres. Tohave the desired electromagnetic radiation-absorbing propertiesthe metal contract must be very thin and very even.
    The metal coating is so thin that conventional methods of thickness feeding are unusable. It is preferable to coat the microspheres with metal on a simple weight percent basis. The commercially available magnetic centospheres can bein different size distributions and the percentage by weight ofLaying metal depends on the size distribution of the particles. Typically, a material with an average diameter of .mu.m will require 2.0 to 3.0% by weight of coating metal. Microspheres with smaller average diameter that have a stiffer surface areaper unit weight will require a higher percentage by weight of metalcoating, while materials of larger average diameter will require a lower weight percent of coating metal. Far microspheres that have a diameter mom range from about 1 to about3 / um grid that these will behtiva a metal coatingweight of from 0.01 to 22% by weight of the coated micro-the spheres.
    Feeding of the quality of and quantity of the coating can be done by feeding the electrical wiring has the driedthe metal-coated microspheres. This is accomplished by a smallMany of the dried microspheres are placed in a rectangular plastic tube which has an inner open transverse section of 1 x 1 cm with the possibility of electrically fastening silver-plated massaging pistons electrically connected to an ohm feeder. Weights can be placed on the app bodyto press the material between the pistons. Di an increase in weightdoes not make the resistance has the test noticeably noted this value. Since the height of the material in the tube is the answer to check, an exact amount by weight, typically 0.05 grams, of material is placed in the apparatus. Unloadings are given for light packing and untilthe increase in weight, usually totaling about 6.8 kg, givesstable readings. Metal-coated microspheres have electromagnetic radiation-absorbing properties typically ranging from 0.2 ohms to 200 ohms when fed by the method described above, with the preferred range being 30 ohms to 40 ohms.for absorption of electromagnetic straining in the v & glangdsom-the radar used by radar. A sample of 0.05 grams of SF-20 microspheres (from P.A. Industries, Chattanooga, Tennessee), when coated with 2% by weight of silver, will give a value of about 34 ohms if they are wheel treated. Mixtures of sets of materials6which deviates from the optimum can be made to fall mom this area with good results if the silver content dr mom 0.2% for each of the components in the mixture.
    The metal-coated microspheres can then be mixed with organic onesor inorganic binders to give coating compositions or composite materials. When used in coatings, the weight ratio of microspheres to binders can vary over large percentage ranges depending on the physical behavior desired. Atlegal binder weights are Coated ldtt but are not as strong.
    At very high binder weights, the coating is very tough but may contain insufficient microspheres to achieve good radar absorption. At weight ratios changing from 1 to 1, the microspheres improve the half-strength of typical plastic binders, such as urethanes.epoxy materials or polyesters. This 1 to 1 ratio givesCovers with excellent physical and absorptive properties.
    The paints can be sprayed in conventional equipment to obtain coatings on any conceivable surface. In general, the absorptive increasesthe properties with the coating thickness. Typical results atGHz should be -1 db for every 25-38 / um of transmission.
    For best results, the coating should be electrically insulated from an electrically conductive substrate using a layer of insulation.learning material, applied as a primer. The thickness of the primerand its electrical properties become less important as the thickness of the absorbent layer increases. The absorbent layer can be coated with a top layer to provide a very tough and smooth finish with any conventional coating that is radar transparent.such as an acrylic, urethane or epoxy material.
    The microspheres can be blended with self-curing binders, such as polyesters and epoxy materials, or hydrocuring binders, such as phenolic materials and polyimides, to give very strongand light composites. The microspheres typically have a densityof 0.7 and the resulting composites usually have onedensity less than 1. Composite structures such as radar absorbingshields are generally at least about 3 mm thick and provide strong radar absorption over a very wide band. The free-flowing or7putty-like mixtures obtained before the adhesive hardens can be easily molded into complicated shapes. Very strong and tough radar absorbing parts are formed with binder contents ranging from 10 to 50% by weight.
    Composite materials containing the electromagnetic absorbent microspheres can be mixed with various organic binders, such as epoxy materials, polyesters, polyimides, resins, plastics and silicones, or with inorganic binders, such as silicates, clays,borates, aluminates and ceramics.coating compositions containing the microspheres can be used in various contexts. For example. a fabric or mesh can be provided with a coating, containing the microspheres, to therebyimpart radar absorbing properties to the fabric or mesh.
    A coating composition containing the microspheres can be applied to the surface of land-based vehicles, such as cars, to watercraft, such as boats, to aircraft, such as aircraft, airships and balloons, to spacecraft and to spacecraft.which shall Aterintrada in the atmosphere. A chamber or otherspace for electronic equipment can be coated with a layer of paint or have composite walls containing the microspheres to provide a high-efficiency shielding of electromagnetic frequency (EMF) for the electronic equipment. Guides and antennas forelectromagnetic energy can be coated with a color or formedfrom a composite material that contains the microspheres. A thermocouple can be coated with a coating, containing the microspheres, to provide an instrument for detecting electromagnetic radiation fields, since the electromagnetic energyreceived by the thermocouple will be absorbed, convertedto heat and thereby detected by the thermocouple. Containers for microwave cooking can be manufactured with the cradles containing or coated with a material containing the microspheres. A liquid containing the electromagnetic absorptive microspheres can be used in various contexts, such as e.g. as a liquid heat transfer medium, capable of heating by microwave energy.8The following non-limiting examples are intended to further illustrate the properties and potential uses of materials containing the electromagnetic radiation-absorbing microspheres of the invention.
    Example 1Ceramic microfibers, quality SF-20, obtained from P.A. Industries,Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA. These microspheres were cleaned fromcontaminants and were silvered using the method usedin U.S. Patent 4,624,865 to give a final product in the form of a dark gray powder, consisting of a coating of 2% by weightsilver on the microspharyte. This material was dried and mixedin a two-component urethane paint so that, after drying, the urethanethe plastic to micro color weights were in a ratio of 1 to 1.
    This paint was sprayed on polycarbonate sheets with the mat 13.5 x 13.5 x 1.4 mm to a thickness of 0.76 mm in the dry state and a coating weight of about 0.078 g / cm 2.
    This disc showed an absorption that exceeded the area father wasapparatus (-20 db, less than 1/100 of the normally reflected power) when fed in comparison with a similar uncoated disk when placed in front of a metal reflector on which a 10 GHz (X-ray band) radar apparatus was directed.
    Example 2A composite was prepared by mixing 2% by weight of silver-plated ceramic microspheres with 1/3% by weight of premixed epoxy resin.
    The resulting putty-like material was rolled 3.2 mm thickon a polyethylene film and allowed to harden for 48 hours. This resulted in a very tough and strong lightweight composite sheet as it was removed from the polyethylene film. This disc also exceeded the dynamic range of each device for feeding at 10 GHz.
    Example 36 grams of ceramic microspheres containing 2.20% silver were placed in a paper baker. The bdgar was placed in a commercial microwave oven9(about 6 GHz) and was irradiated for 15 seconds. The heat of absorption made the baker black and fire. Exposure for somewhat longer periods of time would have set the baker on fire.
    Example 4A very thin cotton cloth was coated by spraying with a mixture of flexible urethane paint and microspheres having 2.50% by weight of silver in such a way as to adhere the resin solids to the micro-spheres were 3: 2. The resulting cloth gay an absorption ofX-ray band radar larger than -20 db when placed 1.27 mm from a reflective metal plate.
    ExampleA polycarbonate sheet with a mat of 13.5 x 13.5 x 1.5 mm was coated with a color, made from microspheres silvered to 2.00% by weight and an amine-cured epoxy resin. The final cured coating had a weight ratio epoxy to epoxy of 3to 2 and a hardened thickness of 0.76 mm. This record gay, place-row over a 100% reflective plate (13.5 x 13.5 cm), broadband absorption Exceeding -15 db from 8 GHz to 16 GHz with most absorption exceeding -39 db.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    Electromagnetic radiation-absorbent composition, characterized in that it contains microspheres having a diameter of 1 to 3 .mu.m, which microspheres contain at least one radiation-absorbing material selected from the group consisting of carbon, ferrites, magnetite, jam, nickel and cobalt, and have a thin coating of metal on the microsphere surface, the metal coating being present in a weight percentage of 0.01 to 22% and having such a thickness that it gives a resistivity of from 0.2 ohms to 200 ohms.
    [2]
    Composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the microspheres have permanent magnetic properties.
    [3]
    Composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the microspheres contain ceramic, magnetic microspheres obtained from the ash from coal-fired furnaces.
    [4]
    Composition according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the thin metal coating contains a metal selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, tin, chromium, platinum, palladium, nickel, copper and cadmium and alloys of these metals and that the coating am in the form of a glossy, mirror-like layer, which evenly and uniformly thanks the surface of the microspheres.
    [5]
    The composition of claim 1, characterized in that the microspheres have an average diameter of about 50 microns and that the metal coating is present in an amount of about 2 to 3% by weight.
    [6]
    Electromagnetic radiation absorbing composite material, characterized in that it contains microspheres according to claim 1 dispersed in and bound by an organic or inorganic binder.
    [7]
    Electromagnetic radiation-absorbent coating, characterized in that it contains microspheres according to Claim 11 mixed with an organic or inorganic binder and forms a coating on a substrate.
    [8]
    Fabric, characterized in that it is a farce with a coating containing microspheres according to claim 1, which renders the fabric electromagnetic radiation-absorbing properties.
    [9]
    Laminate, characterized in that it contains at least one layer containing microfibers according to claim 1.
    [10]
    10. A structure that absorbs electromagnetic straining, characterized in that it comprises a substrate and an electromagnetic radiation absorbing coating applied by the substrate, which coating contains an adhesive and a plurality of ceramic magnetic microspheres dispersed in and bonded by the adhesive, microspheres have a diameter of from 1 to 3 μm and contain at least one radiation-absorbing material, selected from the group consisting of carbon, ferrite, magnetite, jam, nickel and cobalt, and have a thin, radiation-absorbing metal coating on the microsphere surface, the metal coating being present in a weight percentage of 0.01 to 22% and is of such a thickness that it gives a resistivity of tram 0.2 ohms to 200 ohms.
    [11]
    The structure of claim 10, characterized in that the substrate contains an electrically conductive substrate and further includes a topsheet of a composition that is non-absorbent to electromagnetic radiation which overlies the electromagnetic radiation-absorbing radiation and defines the outermost surface of the structure.
    [12]
    Land, water, air, space or atmospheric Reusable vehicle, characterized in that it is provided with a ballast according to claim 7 or 10.
    [13]
    Radar antenna, characterized in that it comprises a beam according to claim 7 or 10.
    [14]
    A projectile, characterized in that it comprises a ballast according to claim 7 or 10.
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    法律状态:
    2012-11-13| NAV| Patent application has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US06/933,829|US5786785A|1984-05-21|1986-11-24|Electromagnetic radiation absorptive coating composition containing metal coated microspheres|
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